What is socket, core, threads, CPU?

Hello, dear

Socket is a physical slot for installing a CPU on a server.  A server usually has multiple slots for CPUs. 

Core indicates the number of CPU cores encapsulated by each CPU.  Generally, the quad-core CPU refers to the core. 

If the number of sockets, cores, and threads is multiplied by 2, that is, 2 x 6 x 2, the number of CPUs is 24. These are not real CPUs, but the number of parallel threads that the system can execute.

Hello!
Socket is the socket at the mainboard where CPU is installed. More sockets - more CPUs. But socket can be empty in some situations. For example, you can choose server with 2-sockets mainboard and only 1 CPU.

Core is the part of CPU witch can calculate everything independently from other cores. It is a "small CPU". Modern CPUs have more then 1 core to make possible to execute calculations in parallel.

Thread can be:
1. The core of the CPU can run some commands in parallel because they are divided into small parts and when first part of the command 1 is passed, the command 2 can start its first part of the command. In this case command 1 and command 2 will run in parallel. Not everything can be paralleled this way. It also can be bad for the virtualization. And you can disable this feature in the BIOS. It names hyper threading.
2. Thread is the flow of the commands that execute one by one. For example, simple application. If thread can occupy core of the CPU - it will execute faster. If the threads number is bigger than core number, then threads will share the core and execute its code for a some time and then give other thread the core to execute others thread code.

CPU is the central processor unit. It is installed in the socket and have several cores. Each core can run several threads.

The forum god should have a lot of good explanations, I also briefly expounded my views, I hope to be helpful to you. 

What is Socket 

This is a physical concept. It refers to the number of CPU slots on the mainboard. Generally, a server has multiple CPU slots. 

NUMA also introduces the concept of Node, which logically represents a CPU slot. 

What is Core 

A core is a physical unit that can independently execute tasks on a CPU. Generally, a CPU has multiple cores. A quad-core CPU refers to a CPU that has four cores and four units that can independently execute tasks. 

What is Thread

A thread is a logical concept and is a unit that can be logically executed independently. 

The relationship between Socket, Core, and Thread

We can look at their relationship through a diagram.

The Node concept is introduced to the NUMA architecture to solve the core grouping problem.

Each node has its own internal CPU, bus, and memory, and can access the memory of other nodes. The biggest advantage of NUMA is that it can increase the number of CPUs. 

————————————————The biggest advantage of NUMA is that the number of CPUs can be increased. ————————————————

As shown in the preceding figure, each socket has two nodes, and each socket has two nodes. Each node has eight threads. Therefore, there are a total of 4 (Socket) × 2 (Node) × 8 (4core × 2 Thread) = 64 threads.  

That is a good post for the understanding socket, core, threads, CPU

Thank you

GOOD

Hi!

I'd like to add something.

Socket is an intermediate software abstraction layer for communication between application layer and TCP/IP protocol family. It is a group of interfaces.

In the design pattern, the Socket is essentially a facade pattern that hides the complex TCP/IP protocol family behind the Socket interface. To the user, a simple set of interfaces is all that is required, allowing the Socket to organize data to conform to the specified protocol.

Thread is the smallest unit of operation that an operating System can schedule. It is contained within a process and is the actual operating unit of a process. A thread refers to a single sequential flow of control within a process V and Sunos are also referred to as lightweight processes, but lightweight processes refer more to kernel threads than to user threads.

Hope I can help you.

:)