Hello, everyone!
Do you know IPv6?
Today, I'm going to talk about IPv6.
An IP address is a unified address format provided by the IP protocol. It allocates a logical address to each network and each host on the Internet to shield the differences between physical addresses.
The IP protocol is designed for computer networks to communicate with each other.
Currently, IPv4 is the mainstream.
IPv6 is introduced to solve the problem of insufficient IP addresses.
The length of an IPv4 address is 32 bits. Generally, an IPv4 address is expressed in dotted decimal notation.
For example, 192.168.0.1/24, where 24 is the subnet mask.
An IPv6 address is 128 bits long and is usually expressed in colon hexadecimal notation.
For example, 2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001/126, where 126 is the prefix.
To facilitate writing, double colons are used to replace one or more groups of "0000".
For example, the IPv6 address is abbreviated to 2001::1/126.
In the following example, two PCs communicate with a router through a switch.
Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4
1.Address space
IPv6 has a much larger address space and claims to encode every grain of sand.
2.Support for existing routing technologies
IPv6 uses a smaller routing table. IPv6 addresses are assigned based on the aggregation principle. This allows a router to use one entry to represent a subnet in the routing table, which greatly reduces the length of the routing table and speeds up packet forwarding.
3.Security
IPv6 provides higher security. On an IPv6 network, users can encrypt data at the network layer and verify IP packets. The encryption and authentication options in IPv6 provide packet confidentiality and integrity. This greatly enhances network security.
4.Simple management
IPv6 supports automatic configuration. This is an improvement and extension of DHCP, which makes the management of networks (especially LAN) more convenient and quicker.
IPv6 address types
1.Unicast address
Uniquely identifies an interface. It is similar to a unicast address in IPv4. Data packets sent to a unicast address are sent to an interface identified by the unicast address.
2.Multicast Address
Identifies a group of interfaces (usually belonging to different nodes). It is similar to a multicast address in IPv4. Data packets sent to a multicast address are sent to all the interfaces identified by the multicast address.
3.Anycast address
Identifies a group of interfaces (usually belonging to different nodes). The data packet sent to an anycast address is sent to the interface that is nearest to the source node in the group of interfaces identified by the anycast address. The interface is measured based on the routing protocol used by the source node.
Development Prospect of IPv6
With the development of IPv6 technologies and the exhaustion of IPv4, many countries have realized the advantages of IPv6.
Some national projects promote the full deployment and large-scale commercial use of the next-generation IPv6 Internet. As IPv6 technologies become increasingly perfect, problems such as high costs, slow development, and insufficient support for IPv6 will soon fade out.
Now you know what is IPv6？
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