According to RFC 2328, the OSPF backbone area contains the Area Border Routers (ABRs) of all the areas. That is, an ABR must belong to the backbone area. If area 2 and area 3 are configured on a device but none of the interfaces of the device belongs to the backbone area, the device is not an ABR.
RFC 3509 defines what is an ABR.
In the router implementation, any device configured with two or more areas is an ABR. For the configuration of these areas, no backbone area is required, and each area does not need to contain at least one interface in the Up state.
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