Voice over IP (VoIP) is a voice over IP network. Different from the 2G/3G voice service provided by traditional carriers, VoIP is mainly used for point-to-point full-duplex calls. For example, the call functions of Skype and WeChat belong to VoIP. VoIP is generally unaware of pipes and can be used on fixed networks or wireless networks. The network does not provide special priority assurance. VoIP data packet switching complies with the principle of "whoever radially. arrives first, whoever serves first". Voice packets and data packets are transmitted together. Therefore, the priority of voice packets cannot be guaranteed. As a result, packet loss and delay problems occur, and voice quality cannot be ensured. Voice packets are not well protected. They are transmitted on the network according to the best-effort principle. Therefore, VoIP cannot ensure the stability of the voice quality. This is the reason why the voice quality of VoIP calls is unstable. However, with the acceleration of broadband over the past few years, the voice quality of VoIP is improving.
Voice over LTE (VoLTE) is an upgraded version of the 2G/3G voice service of operators. It is actually IP voice. However, based on the LTE wireless network, VoLTE services have a better QoS guarantee than WeChat (the default QCI 9 is used). Signaling is transmitted over bearers with high-priority QCI 5, voice is transmitted over bearers with high-priority QCI 1, and video is transmitted over bearers with high-priority QCI 2 (not commercially used currently). The IMS is introduced to VoLTE. The IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) provides multimedia IP services, including VoIP. The LTE network transmits only data packets. Therefore, voice and related signaling are packaged in data packets (with a higher priority) for transmission. The IMS network receives and processes these data packets, distinguishes the signaling and voice data parts of these data packets, and manages the voice control plane (IMS signaling). and the user plane (IMS traffic).
For details about VoIP and VoLTE, see Introduction to the VoIP Technology and What is VoLTE.
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