Hello, friend!
If there are no fuses and the outside surge coming, it will directly damage the board.
The specifications of Huawei product's mains electricity 230V meet the standard requirements of ITU-T K.20, more than that will damage the board.
If there are fuses and the outside surge coming, the fuses will start first, Pull the voltage to GND, so that the surge will not be go thought the board, it will be protecting the board