Dear all,
I would like to share with you this topic which introduce the Synchronous Optical Network _ SONET network.
SONET is the first physical layer standard for optical fiber transmission proposed by Bellcore in the mid-1980s. It is standardized by ANSI and recommended by CCITT for promotion worldwide. We can view the physical network of SONET as a global communication system with the same view of the Ethernet twisted pair LAN as an institutional network communication system. This is a potentially global network with a standard data transmission rate on optical fiber and is widely accepted worldwide. SONET integrates telephone companies around the world.
SONET defines the transmission of synchronization and isochronous (time-sensitive data, such as real-time video) information. With SONET, the telecommunications bureau can provide a way for customers to start building fast networks at the city level and finally at the global level. This is because SONET provides a way for telecommunications bureaus to interconnect their communication equipment on a global scale. Because international digital information transmission rates vary, this hinders the development of global communication systems. For example, DSI in the United States uses 1.544 Mbps, while the corresponding system in Europe, E1, uses 2.048 Mbps. SONET specifies different levels of digital transmission rates, as shown in Table S-1.
SONET has developed an optical fiber network that transmits signals, and wide area network technologies such as SMDS and ATM can run on it. Since the cell relay technology is used instead of the variable-length frame technology, it is easy to increase the transmission rate on the SONET network. For details, see the "Cell Relay Cell Relay" item.
SONET has the following regulations
Transmission rate, fiber interface, operation and maintenance.
The globally consistent graded optical signal transmission rate shown in Table S-1.
Multiplexed channels on synchronous circuits. This structure provides a way to know exactly on which specific channel the frame is located and to retrieve these frames without splitting all the multiplexed signals. In this way, there are different types of channels (low speed and high speed) on the Internet, and users can make a variety of routing options.
Optical fiber transmission standard allows the interconnection of products from different manufacturers and communication companies.
The cables that make up SONET are laid between SONET multiplexing equipment. SONET stipulates the specifications of optical fiber cables and light generation, and also includes data multiplexing and frame generation. The SONET signal carries data and control information in the form of synchronous data streams. The control information is embedded in the signal and is regarded as an auxiliary operation (OVERHEAD). The auxiliary operation of SONET signal includes the following parts:
Section auxiliary operation processing frame generation and error monitoring. All devices on the line will use this feature.
Line auxiliary operation is used to monitor the line status.
Path (path) auxiliary operation is used to control the signal transmission and error monitoring between network endpoints (path terminal equipment).
SONET specifications also specify how low-speed signals such as T1 / E1 and T3 / E3 are transmitted in synchronization. SONET service breaks through the limit of T3 (45Mbps). Its basic light guide transmission rate of 51.8 Mbps is equivalent to one T3 line or 28 T1 lines. High-end OC-48 optical carrier can be equivalent to 1344 T1 or 48 T3 lines. Initially, the OC-3 transmission rate will provide customers with services to the telecommunications bureau, and the application of high transmission rates will increase in the 1990s.
Optical cable provides great bandwidth, which will make the price of the wide area network drop to a range that people can afford. Many companies will build networks so that remote users and local users have the same data access speed to enhance the ability of remote users to communicate and compete. Copper wire does not provide the scalability of optical cables, because too much copper wire is required to provide the same bandwidth.
Related items
Asynchronous Transfer Mode; Carrier Telecommunication Bureau, communications company; Cell Relay cell relay; Fiber-Optic Cable optical (fiber) cable; Telecommunication telecommunications, remote communications; Wide Area Network wide area network.
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