Set up a server room and data center
There are many standards and points that need to be considered in setting up a server room and data center.
Server room
The present age is the era of computers, networks and the Internet.
In organizations and large companies, there is a computer next to almost every employee and manager, and these users use a variety of services and software under the network.
In addition to these employees, many people also benefit from the services and information of these organizations in the web environment.
Banking services, online registration, receiving news, watching TV programs, university services and… are examples of these services.
Servers are responsible for providing services to computers inside the collection and clients outside the organization.
Organizations and companies use multiple servers depending on the type of work, the number of staff and clients, the size of the collection and the amount of electronic services provided.
The servers are installed in special racks and are used after making the necessary connections.
Due to the fact that a lot of information is transferred and stored in these servers, a special room has been provided for easier and faster access to information, maintaining physical security and suitable temperature conditions of the servers, preventing the entry and penetration of profiteers and other cases.
The operation of this room is to set up a server room.
What is a Data Center?
In the early 1990s, with the advent of the concept of the Web on the Internet (1993) and the HTTP protocol, which made it easy for users to share documents on the Internet, the number of Internet users increased day by day.
On the other hand, with the addition of Internet users, the volume of documents also increased day by day.
With the increase of users and the volume of documents, as well as the simplicity of publishing information on the Internet, business concepts also entered the field of the Internet.
Businesses needed servers that would allow them to easily and quickly share their information with their customers and users.
Of course, it is not possible for every company or organization that intends to set up Internet sites to set up its own server on its own, because despite the large number of users of these sites and the high volume of traffic, there was a need for very high speed connections. Of course, even if this is practically possible, it will cost a lot.
The solution to this problem seemed to be to set up special centers called Data Centers.
With high-speed Internet connections, as well as powerful servers, data centers have made it possible for the general public to set up web servers.
Businesses and people can make their websites visible to the public by renting limited space on these servers.
Some large companies, depending on their needs, rent a server in the data center and control it remotely with special tools.
Server room setup service
Design and location of server room
Before starting to set up the server room, the room plan must be designed completely and correctly, taking into account the standards, the location of racks and other equipment, the passage of cables, enough space for traffic and collection management, so that rework and incorrect execution Be prevented. In the design and location of the server room, the location of the room itself must also be seen.
Earthquake server room safety
Earthquake safety
Due to its high importance, the server room should be constructed in a place that is resistant to earthquakes and in the event of an earthquake, the servers and devices inside the room should not be damaged, so the best place for the server room is in the basement or ground floor and next to the main columns. Is a building. If this is not possible, the room should be secured with metal chassis.
Close to risers
Proximity of the server room to cable risers and trunks reduces cable length and costs. In the server room setup design section, we check the location of the risers and find the best place to get close to it.
Ceiling server room ceiling installation
False ceilings can also be used for the ceiling of the server room. False ceilings used in the server room can be made of mesh ceilings with different dimensions, but you must use MINERAL tiles, which are also fireproof. Of course, another type of roof that can be used in the server room is integrated knauf (FR) roofs, which can also be used.
Server room walls
In setting up the server room, the walls are shaved to reach the brick surface.
The holes and pores are filled.
The surfaces are covered with a layer of cement.
A layer of Fire Tard is applied on the cement layer.
The floor and ceiling are routed to pass fire, electricity and network pipes.
After performing the above steps, ironing and columns will be performed
Metal nets are installed and plastered on it.
After the plaster dries, Epoxy protective and fireproof layer is covered.
It is installed on fire and moisture resistant knauf wall.Floor of the room
Using a false floor is one of the best options for setting up a server room, which is one of the most important parts of a server room.
False floor is a good place to pass network cables, electricity and facilities due to its convenient distance from the main floor of the room.
False floors are made of different materials, but the common floors are steel floors with HPL coating, which is also (fireproof, antistatic and scratch-resistant), and aluminum floors with PVC coating, which are also (light, fireproof and anti-scratch, Static) are used.
The height of the bases of these floors is adjustable from 15Cm - 120Cm depending on the needs of the room.Fireproof paint or EPOXY
Epoxy is used to fill all the seams and create an outer fire protection layer.
Epoxy is available in different colors and the underlying surface must be completely dry to get an effective answer.Plastic and polyester paints are petrochemical by-products and have high flammability, so their use is not suitable for server rooms.
Currently, the epoxy server room cover is suitable for all interior surfaces (floor, ceiling, side walls).
It has various colors and is completely fireproof.Another important application is antistatic epoxy paint on the floor, which is used to antistatic the floor of the server room.
Lighting system
The lighting inside the server room should be designed to be turned off when a person leaves the server room, and the reason, in addition to saving electricity, is to prevent them from generating heat.
Also, the main control and electrical paths are predicted in the server room electrical panel.
The use of energy-saving lamps is also recommended to reduce costs.Server room fire extinguishing and fire alarm system
Conventional fire alarm systems that use water, foam and some types of gases. In setting up a server room, these systems cause damage to servers and other equipment.
Today, the best, most powerful, safest and most cost-effective fire extinguishing system designed to be used in server rooms to prevent fire is the FM200 gas based fire extinguishing system standard system used in these centers.
It should be noted that most of the server rooms of sensitive public and private centers have already used this system to secure themselves.
In addition to alerts, the fire alarm system can send SMS to network administrators and inform them of the current situation.Server room door
Server room door (theft and fire resistant door)
Due to the importance of enclosing the fire and preventing it from spreading, the door of the server room should be selected from fireproof material.
It also used anti-theft doors that have hinges and locks that are strong and resistant to vandalism and explosion.
The installation of this door is done during the civil affairs of setting up the server room.Physical security and control systems
Due to the importance of information and the need to take more care of server room equipment, installing control cameras inside the server room is very effective. Cameras monitor the server room 24 hours a day and store logs on the server.
It is also necessary to establish a proper control system to record the movement of people and manage it for the server room.
This system has a multi-option card reader (Multi Option Checking), controller and related converters.
People allowed to enter the server room must have a traffic card.
Also, fingerprint registration and entering a special code are other options that can be activated.
Cooling System Server Room Cooling System
The ideal temperature for the server room is 18 degrees Celsius. To control the temperature, it is necessary to use cooling devices inside it.
The most common coolers are gas coolers whose power is calculated according to the amount of heat generated in the server room.
In-Row and Down-Flow systems are used for large server rooms and data centers.City electricity and emergency electricity
Server room cabling must be implemented in accordance with cabling standards constructed with quality equipment.
Electrical switchboards and ATS
Control of input and output power and emergency power lines, as well as the need to monitor the current and voltage of the lines requires the use of the switchboard.
In addition to having a voltmeter and ammeter, the server room electrical panel has a series of miniature switches that control the direction of current and voltage.
Also, with these switches, we will be able to set the electricity of a part of the organization on the city electricity or we can Connect to the UPS.UPS server room installation
Sudden power outage in server room equipment such as routers, switches, servers and. . . It disrupts most of the activities of these devices and in some cases completely eliminates the possibility of them continuing to work.
When setting up a server room, it should be borne in mind that the city power outage alone does not have destructive effects.
Computer systems are sensitive to failures such as instantaneous voltage drop, high instantaneous voltage, noise and the effects of radio frequency, and frequency changes in their power supply. A suitable UPS has the following conditions.Online Double Conversion.
Be able to work with the generator, i.e. support Power Factor Correction.
Support SNMP protocol for online monitoring.Installation of Generator Server Room
UPS uninterruptible power supplies are not suitable for long-term power supply due to their high cost and inefficiency.
The use of a generator is on the agenda in setting up a server room.
The way it works is that in case of power outage of the server room and to prevent disruption of its power supply system during the time of operation of the generator, the UPS enters the circuit immediately and supplies power to the server room.
As soon as the generator is ready for power supply, the UPS is taken out of the circuit and the server room is supplied with electricity from the generator.
The UPS power is calculated according to the power consumption of various devices located in the server room such as servers, gas coolers.
Consider the proper UPS power by considering its internal batteries for 7 to 15 minutes (depending on the time of operation of the generator).
The power of the generator is 15% more than the power of the UPS and should be 70% under load during operation.
It is strongly not recommended to overload the generator with more than 80% power or less than 60% power. Generators with a power of more than 15 KVA are three-phase.Why should we use a generator?
Due to the high cost of high-power UPS and also the need to use multiple batteries for long-term power supply, the use of a generator is mandatory.
Another point to consider is the large capacity of the external battery in the limited space of the server room.Set up the server room ground well
Construction of earth well is necessary in setting up a server room. An earth system must be installed to prevent additional and destructive loads on the electrical system. In this system, the null is realized and connected to the ground well by a copper cable.
The conditions for creating a standard earth well are as follows:
Drilling wells should be done until they reach moist soil
Coal and salt powder (sodium chloride) should be poured in a ratio of one to two (two kilograms of charcoal to two kilograms of salt) in the amount of 40 kilograms (these materials are inversely proportional to soil resistance and increasing or decreasing these materials increases soil resistance or Returns low)
A copper plate measuring 50 cm X 50 cm with a diameter of 1 cm is placed vertically on the salt and charcoal.
This page can be used with a width of 60 or 35, depending on the type of engraver.Copper wire with a diameter of 50 mm is connected to the copper plate by a copper cable washer and special copper bolts and nuts to prevent decay and rust.
Polika pipe with a diameter of 4 or 6 cm is installed next to each well.
It is necessary to pay attention to several holes in the body of the pipes to moisten the area around the pipe and the well.
Finally, the well is filled with soft clay.
The resistance of the well using the earth meter should be below 2 ohms.
Server room computer network structure
Preparing the server room for network communication of servers with different network stations is one of the basic tasks in the server room. In fact, all the work and expenses that are done in the server room is aimed at the rational and safe use of server room equipment.
Below are the two physical and logical structures of the network.
The company's network services cover everything.
Implement and set up the physical structure of the server room network
The center of information and processing is on the server network, so proper connection of these servers with the network set is inevitable.
In this regard, the following three factors are considered:
Implementation of three-layer model: Chic cabling and forecasting of routes inside the server room should be in such a way that the implementation of three-layer network model can be operational.
In this regard, having a logical and physical map of different network switches Be on the agenda.
Standard cabling: In setting up the server room, observing the principles of structured cabling and also considering different bends and angles in the cabling of the server room should be considered. All fibers and cables must be carefully pulled and labeled.
Fixing the racks: To prevent the racks from overturning during an earthquake, the racks must be attached to the floor and restrained. Before installing the floor and creating different channels, the location of the racks should be determined and the clamps and holding holders should be installed in it, so knowing the type and model of the racks, their size, and spatial position relative to each other should be determined.
Crossing Channels: In order to regulate portable cables such as power interface cables, patch cords, etc., the standard built-in cable routing is done in the server room.
These channels must have a suitable cap and create a gap between the data and power paths.
Logical structure of the network:
The logical structure and software of the servers allow the safe use of information on the servers, so the adoption of an appropriate strategy to connect the servers with each other and the connection of workstations with them should be done after the physical installation of the server room.
The following are some logical and software settings:
• Domain controllers and network services such as DHCP, DNS and…
• VLAN and split switch
• Create an Access List on network switches
• Create Network Routing and Gateway and
Set up server room security
Damages and intrusions reported to information-based systems are increasing worldwide.
Over time, the tools and methods of infiltrating information systems and computer networks become simpler and easier, and intruders find the opportunity to infiltrate with these tools and the least knowledge.
Accordingly, the confidentiality, availability and integrity of information is inevitable for the development of computer systems and servers.
This should be considered in the server room equipment program when setting up the server room.
The most common security methods are:
Use the appropriate virus cache
Use the firewall with the correct setting
Install display systems such as IDS
Set up the backup system in the server room
Creating the right facilities to recover lost data is one of the measures that the network administrator should put on the agenda of setting up his server room.
The use of SAN structure and NAS-based equipment, as well as various storage media according to the volume of information and their importance are examples of them.
Suitable Server
Servers are powerful computers with high processing and storage power that are considered as the logical center of various network software.
Various databases such as SQL and Oracle are created on this platform and power network-related workstations.
Due to the limited space of the server room and the optimal need for space, the use of Rackmount slider servers is recommended.
These servers will enable the network administrator to easily access them and increase or decrease them depending on the situation.
Thank you.
