Routing problems tend to emerge when you’re first setting up a new piece of network equipment, and when something has failed. Usually routing problems are caused by some sort of configuration or design error. Troubleshooting routing problems is tricky because the usual tools like ping and traceroute don’t always tell you what you need to know.
The originating device puts three important parameters into the IP packet header:
The source IP address, which is the address of the device itself
The destination IP address, which is where the packet is going
The IP protocol, such as UDP or TCP or ICMP
You need to know where are you troubleshooting from, locate the problem specifically, define both sides, sender and receiver, check the transport layer issue to know which protocol is being used for sending/receiving the segment .