Raw IP only fills a limited number of fields in the IP header, but it allows application programs to provide their own IP headers. Similar to UDP, raw IP is unreliable. Therefore, it cannot be determined whether raw IP datagrams reach their destinations. Raw IP is connectionless, that is, no circuits are needed during the transmission between hosts. Unlike UDP, raw IP allows application programs to directly operate the IP layer using the socket. This facilitates the direct interactions with the lower layer.


