OTN

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The OTN standards were designed to provide a robust set of OAM features for WDM architectures, including performance monitoring, fault detection, forward error correction, embedded communications channels, and a standard mapping structure for multiplexing lower rate signals into higher-speed payloads.

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Compared with the traditional WDM network, the OTN network has the following features:
1. Encapsulation and transparent transmission of multiple client signals
2. Large-granularity bandwidth multiplexing, cross-connection, and configuration
3. Powerful overhead and maintenance management capabilities
4. Enhanced networking and protection capabilities

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1- OTN is Transmission protocol for high speed and high capacity . Can transmit up to 400 gbps over single channel.
It has 2 main layers :
- Layer 0 is optical layer
- Layer 1 is electrical layer

Optical layer is composed of multiple stages which is
1- OCH ( optical channel ) which is the wavelength that Carry information.

2- OMS ( optical multiplex section ) which is from mux to demux and vice versa and used to multiplex multiple channels and carriers to the same optical fiber cable.

3- OTS ( optical transmission section ) which is after the amplifier and attention stage

Electrical layer is composed also of 3 stages :


1- OPU-K ( optical payload unit ) which is the first layer as we take the signal from the client side and BSC in the form of ( SDH , Ethernet , ATM ) and convert it to OTN payload by adding the justification bytes to make synchronization.

2- ODU-K ( optical Data unit ) which is the second layer as we add information called SM . PM is the path monitoring information related to the path of data , error detect and correct , other control informations .

3- OTU-K ( optical transport unit ) it's is the last layer and we add SM information which is section monitoring.

The primary benefits of OTN include:
• Enhanced OAM for wavelengths
• Universal container supporting any service type
• Standard multiplexing hierarchy
• End-to-end optical transport transparency of customer traffic
• Multi-level path OAM

Recent Features of OTN (G.709):

:
• New Client Signals
• ODU0 (and TTT—first defined in Amendment 3 of G.709 Issue 2)
• GMP
• ODUflex (CBR) and ODUflex (GFP)
• Hitless resizing of ODUflex (GFP)
• 1.25Gb/s Tributary Slots (PT=21)
• OTU/ODU/OPU4
• Multistage Multiplexing
• Delay Measurement

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