Hello, friend!
Generally, optical transmission is amplified by an optical amplifier.
The working principles of different OAs are different. The following uses Raman boards as an example:
Based on the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect, a Raman amplifier uses a transmission fiber as the gain medium to transfer Raman pump light power to services signals light for amplification.
The basic principles for SRS are as follows: If weak signal light and strong pump light are transmitted along with a fiber concurrently, and their wavelength difference is within the Raman gain spectrum range (about 70–100 nm) of the fiber, the weak signal light can be amplified.

The Raman amplifier is a distributed amplifier. It uses a transmission fiber as the gain medium and can be used at both the transmit end (for forward amplification) and the receive end (for backward amplification).

Thanks!