Modulation

Hello friend!

The modulation methods available in LTE systems are qpsk, bpsk, 16qam, 64qam, 256qam.

The most fundamental digital modulation techniques are Phase-shift keying (PSK), Frequency-shift keying (FSK), Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Lets discuss only the QAM which is widely used in radio communication especially in LTE. Quadrature amplitude modulation is used in radio communication as it is able to carry higher data rates when compared to other modulation techniques. The most common forms of QAM are
16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM. By using higher order modulation formats, it is possible to transmit more bits per symbol. The advantage of moving to the higher order formats is that it is possible to transmit more bits per symbol. However the disadvantage is that it is more susceptible to noise. As a result, higher versions of QAM are used only when there is a sufficiently high signal to noise ratio(S/N).

God bless u!

Dear user,

Modulation is the process of converting data into electrical signals optimized for transmission. Modulation techniques are roughly divided into four types: Analog modulation, Digital modulation, Pulse modulation and Spread spectrum method.

Analog modulation is typically used for AM, FM radio and short-wave broadcasting.

Digital modulation involves the transmission of binary signals (0 and 1).
This method is divided into single carrier modulation, by which the carrier occupies the entire bandwidth (i.e. amplitude, frequency, and phase) and a multicarrier scheme that modulates and transmits different data on multiple carriers.

In addition, there is a pulse modulation technique used to change the pulse width and spread spectrum method that spreads the signal energy over a wide band.