Introduction to (DLT) in 6G
Hello Community
Today, I will add an important post about the main key technology in 6G approach
This technology is DLT
One of the key technologies involved in building a collaborative multi-stakeholder ecosystem is distributed ledger technology (DLT).
It is expected that DLT will form the basis of the proposed design principles.
As the collaborative ecosystem will expand to encompass both business and technology related concepts, it includes all of the relevant networking features, namely networked AI, user-centric networking, native trustworthiness, and integrated non-terrestrial networks.
DLT provides the key features needed to build a new mobile communication system based on an open, interoperable and reliable platform.
Such a platform will attract participants from various sectors, from government and education to public health and service providers such as finance and transportation.
Below we will discuss the key network functions and entities affected by DLT.
Distributed ledger technology
Over the past decade, blockchain technology has become incredibly popular due to cryptocurrency and the profound impact it has had on today's digital society.
The main concepts of blockchain technology became known after the publication of the Paxos protocol, which laid the foundation for the creation of bitcoin.
Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic money system that is designed to act as a public ledger for cryptocurrency transactions.
The Bitcoin blockchain was created through the use of blockchain, bitcoin is completely decentralized so that no single user can control electronic money and there is no single point of failure this contributes to the widespread adoption of bitcoin.
Its main advantage is the possibility of direct transactions between users without the use of a trusted third party.
In addition to being used in digital currencies such as bitcoin,
since 2014, blockchain technology has been used in other applications that work using smart contracts.
Blockchain 1.0, previously only used for cryptocurrency applications, has evolved over time into blockchain 2.0 and 3.0.
The development of blockchain technology has opened up new markets and opportunities: for example, decentralized applications (dapps) were not possible with blockchain version 1.0.
Blockchain, combined with smart contracts, allows you to embed business logic and business process mechanisms in a chain and, in addition to bitcoins, exchange other digital assets.
The main advantages of blockchain technology were first realized in the digital economy industry.
But as the technology has developed, the blockchain has gained a number of advantages in terms of transparent processing of transactions between different business entities.
These advantages can be used in 6G architecture design, for example to create an open and collaborative ecosystem, as well as for security purposes.
Blockchain can be used as a digital system for recording transactions with assets in several places at the same time.
Unlike traditional databases, distributed ledgers do not have a centralized data store or administration functions.
While the terms blockchain and DLT are often used interchangeably, they differ significantly in the sense that blockchain is only a subset of distributed ledger technology.
The key properties of DLT are as follows:
Distributed consensus
DLT actually uses a decentralized architecture in which several participants together form a distributed system.
Distributed consensus is the core of the DLT-based system.
In a distributed consensus procedure, distributed registry entries can move from one state to another without centralized control.
Each state change is subject to a democratic voting procedure:after most nodes reach an agreement, the new state is accepted and globally synchronized on each node.
This ensures that all nodes in a DLT-based system always have a global view of the system.
Immutability and verifiability
The distributed consensus procedure ensures the immutability of records in a DLT-based system.
A distributed consensus protocol (such as Proof-of-Work in Bitcoin) is designed in such a way that it is computationally impossible to forge registry entries unless most of the nodes are compromised.
Depending on which distributed protocol is used, the proportion of compromised nodes required to provide the computational capability of forgery ranges from 30% to 51%.
The distributed consensus procedure also provides auditability.
The registry contains all historical state records because adding a new record to the existing ones is the only way to update the registry.
Due to the immutability property, each node has a complete copy of the records, which allows for local auditing.
Smart contract
A smart contract is an executable binary code that applies the processing logic specified in the code to registry entries.
One of the main differences between a smart contract and a normal application is that the execution of a smart contract is securely guaranteed and fully automated.
In other words, if predetermined conditions are met, the execution of a smart contract cannot be interrupted.
In addition to defining the logic for processing records stored in the registry, the smart contract also provides a set of APIs.
Users can call these APIs to start a smart contract by sending a transaction to the smart contract.
After publishing a smart contract in a DLT-based system, it is fixed in the distributed ledger of each node of the system, after which it becomes public and immutable.
The key features of DLT can be used to achieve the three main principles for designing an open multi-stakeholder ecosystem, namely openness, interoperability and trustworthiness.
Openness provides an easy way to share data and information across multiple domains in 6G.
The use of distributed consensus allows data and information to be exchanged around the world without a centralized third party.
At the same time, the immutability property helps ensure the integrity of shared data and information.
Since any attempt to access data and information through the DLT will be registered in the registry, the verifiability property is key to implementing the principle of openness.
Interoperability guarantees the transformation of 6G into a multi-stakeholder ecosystem enabling shared services.
The use of a smart contract allows external parties to access shared data from another domain via an API, subject to conditions defined by the owner of the data.
In addition, the launched smart contract (API) will be executed automatically, which contributes to interoperability.
Trustworthiness aims to make 6G a common guarantor of trust for data storage, information exchange, and responsibility for quality of service.
The immutability property helps to improve the security and reliability of data and information shared across multiple domains, while distributed consensus improves reliability as different players must agree on data changes and information distribution.
In other words, the change in the state of the system is determined through a democratic voting procedure that is reliably observed by conscientious participants.
In the 6G ecosystem, the mobile network is expected to act as a digital platform where multiple users from different domains interact with each other to provide services to one side or the other.
This requires the implementation of the new design principles described earlier.
DLT has a number of promising properties that are sure to be useful in the implementation of new principles design cycles.
The integration of DLT into the 6G network will promote the provision of transparent and decentralized network functions in line with new design principles.
However, despite its many benefits, DLT also has limitations.
For example, in cases where large amounts of data need to be shared, DLT can cause undesirable effects such as reduced overall system throughput, high latency, and high power consumption.
Therefore, researchers should continue their work to improve DLT technology.
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