Hi, everyone! Today I'm going to introduce to you why IPV4 is followed by IPV6 instead of IPV5.
IPv1, IPv2, and IPv3 only existed in the test and demonstration stage, and then were cut off. Did not enter the practical field
iPv5 is an experimental resource reservation protocol known as the Internet Streaming Protocol (ST). The purpose is to provide quality of service-QOS supports multimedia (voice \ video and real-time data traffic) and is transmitted on the Internet in real-time.
Consists of two protocols-ST protocol for data transmission and Stream Control Message Protocol (SCMP). It is also known as ST2. It is designed to work with IPv4. IPv6 and IPv5 have no relationship at all, a 4-bit field indicating the current use The IP version of IPv6 is an alternative version of IPv4.
In Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), the length of the address is 128 bits. One reason the address space is so large is to break down the available addresses into a hierarchy of routing domains that reflect the topology of the Internet. Another reason is to map the address of the network adapter (or interface) that connects the device to the network. IPv6 provides a built-in functionality to resolve addresses at its lowest level (at the network interface layer) and also has an auto-configuration feature.
Text representation the following are three general forms used to represent IPv6 addresses as text strings:
Colon hexadecimal form
This is the preferred form n:n:n:n:n:n:n:n. Each n represents a hexadecimal value of one of the four 16-bit address elements. E.g:
FF3FFE:FFFF:7654:FEDA:1245:BA98:3210:4562.
Compressed form
It is very common for an address to contain a long string of zeros due to address length requirements. To simplify writing to these addresses, you can use a compressed form, in which a single continuous sequence of multiple zero blocks is represented by a double colon (::). This symbol can only appear once in an address. For example, the compressed form of the multicast address FFED:0:0:0:0:BA98:3210:4562 is FFED::BA98:3210:4562. Analysis of MPLS-based IPv4 / IPv6 transition schemes-The unicast address 3FFE:FFFF:0:0:8:800:20C4:0 is compressed in the form 3FFE:FFFF ::8:800:20C4:0. The compressed form of the loopback address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 is ::1. The unspecified address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 is compressed as ::.
Mixed form
This form combines IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. In this case, the address format is n:n:n:n:n:n:n:dddd, where each n represents a hexadecimal value of one of the six IPv6 high-order 16-bit address elements, each d Both represent decimal values for IPv4 addresses.
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Address type
The base bits in an address define a specific IPv6 address type. A variable-length field containing these basic bits is called a format prefix (FP).
The IPv6 unicast address is divided into two parts. The first part contains the address prefix and the second part contains the interface identifier. A concise way to represent IPv6 address/prefix combinations is as follows:ipv6 address/prefix length.
The following is an example of an address with a 64-bit prefix.
3FFE:FFFF:0:CD30:0:0:0:0/64.
The prefix in this example is 3FFE:FFFF:0:CD30. The address can also be written in a compressed form, such as 3FFE:FFFF:0:CD30::/ 64.
IPv6 defines the following address types:
Unicast address
Identification for a single interface. Packets sent to this address are passed to the identified interface. A unicast address is distinguished from a multicast address by the value of the high-order octet. The high-order octet of the multicast address has a hexadecimal value of FF. Any other value of this octet identifies a unicast address.
The following are the different types of unicast addresses:
Link-local address. These addresses are for a single link and have the form:FE80::interface. Link-local addresses are used between nodes on the link for automatic address configuration, neighbor discovery, or when no router is provided. Link-local addresses are mainly used at startup and when the system has not acquired a larger range of addresses.
Site-local address. These addresses are for a single site and have the following format:FEC0::SubnetID:InterfaceID. Site-local addresses are used for addressing within sites that do not require a global prefix.
Global IPv6 unicast address. These addresses are available on the Internet and have the following format:001 (FP, 3-bit) TLA ID (13-bit) Reserved (8-bit) NLA ID (24-bit) SLA ID (16-bit) InterfaceID (64-bit).
Anycast Address
Identifier of a group of interfaces (usually belong to different nodes). Packets sent to this address are passed to all interfaces identified by the address. Anycast address type replaces IPv4 broadcast address.
Anycast address. An identifier for a set of interfaces (usually belonging to different nodes). Packets sent to this address are passed to the only interface identified by the address. This is the nearest interface identified by the routing criteria. Any broadcast address is taken from the unicast address space and cannot be distinguished syntactically from other addresses. The addressing interface determines the difference between unicast and any broadcast address based on its configuration.
Generally, a node always has a link-local address. It can have a site-local address and one or more global addresses.
Multicast address
IPv6 multicast is similar to IPv4 multicast in that a group of interfaces are interested in traffic.
The first eight bits of the multicast group are set to FF. The next four bits are the address lifetime. The value 0 indicates permanent, and the value 1 indicates temporary. The next four bits specify the multicast address range (how far can a packet reach):1 for a node, 2 for a link, 5 for a station, 8 for an organization, and E for the entire Internet.
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