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NFS (Network File system): A protocol that enables customers to access files over the network. NFS clients would allow files to be accessed as if the files live on the local device, even though they live on the disk of a networked device.
HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System): A distributed file system is shared between multiple networked machines or nodes. HDFS is fault-tolerant because it saves various copies of files on the file system; the default replication level is 3.
The notable difference between the two is Replication/Fault Tolerance. HDFS was intended to withstand failures. NFS does not possess any fault tolerance built-in.
Benefits of HDFS over NFS:
Apart from fault tolerance, HDFS helps to create multiple replicas of files. This reduces the traditional bottleneck of many clients accessing a single file. In addition, since files have multiple images on various physical disks, reading performance scales better than NFS.