Hello everyone!
Today, we will learn about the PON network overview and PON network equipment.
PON Network Overview
The PON network provides different solutions for different scenarios. The PON network provides the FTTx solution for traditional telecom networks, and the PON network provides the POL solution for enterprise campus networks.
Telecom Application Scenario-FTTx
- The FTTx solution covers FTTH, FTTB, FTTC, and FTTO construction scenarios and provides full-service access with high bandwidth, high reliability, and high security, including base station private line access.
- The FTTx solution provides multi-service access services for different scenarios. lt mainly provides high-bandwidth IPTV services and cooperates with the application of the service wholesale mode for the access of Open Access Networks, high-speed Internet access Services, base stations, enterprise private line services, and enterprise self-owned services.
- Main services provided by the FTTx solution
SOM@HDTV service
Enterprise access Service
Open Access
Base Station private line access
Enterprise self-owned service acCess
Enterprise Campus Application Scenario- POL
- The POL solution is a campus LAN solution based on the PON technology. It is a Layer 2 transmission network that provides gigabit access to user terminals and provides unified access for campus data, voice, video, and wireless services.
- The POL solution provides all functions provided by traditional LANSs and meets the requirements of new services for high bandwidth, high security, and high reliability.
- Main Services Provided by the POL:
Ethernet/IP services, including Ethernet/lP data services and IP video services, Such as public Safety video backhaul, Wi-Fi backhaul, PC access, and power and environment monitoring Voice service, which can be POTS or VoIP and CATV.
FTTx Network – Device Type
POL Network – Device Type
Introduction to PON Devices
OLT
The OLT, an optical line terminal provides an interface with a local switch on a network side and is connected to one or more ODNs, to communicate with an ONU on a user side.
Typical OLT functions in the GPON system include PON core functions, cross-connection functions, and service functions.
The ODN is a physical medium for communication between the OLT and the ONU. The ODN interface function module modulates and transmits optical signals with a Specific code type, rate, and wavelength over a Specific type of optical fiber.
The PON TC function includes framing, media access control DAM, DBA, PDU delimitation for cross-connection, and ONU management
The cross-connection module provides a communication channel between the PON core functional module and the service module
The service function module provides the conversion between the service interface and the PON TC frame interface.
Note:
TC, Transmission Convergence
OAM, Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
PDU, Protocol Data Unit
Huawei OLT
The mini or mini optical splitter with a connector can be used. The optical splitter, OLT, and ONU can be installed in the same cabinet.
MA5800/EA5800-X17 Service Subrack
One MA5800/EA5800-X17 service subrack provides 22 slots, including 2 control board slots, 2 power board slots, 1 universal interface board slot, and 17 service board slots.
A frame-shaped OLT consists of the control board, service board, power board, fan tray, universal interface board, and subrack and backplane.
MA5800/EA5800-X15 Service Subrack
One MA5800/EA5800-X15 service subrack provides 20 slots, including 2 control board slots, 2 power board slots, 1 universal interface board slot, and 15 service board slots.
MA5800/EA5800-X7&X2 Service Subrack
One MA5800/EA5800-X7 service subrack provides 12 slots, including 2 control board slots, 2 power board slots, 1 universal interface board slot (GPIO), and 7 service board slots.
One MA5800/EA5800-X2 service subrack provides 5 slots, including 2 control board slots, 1 power board slot, and 2 service board slots.
MA/EA5800-X17/X15/X7/X2 Board Example
Control Board – MPLA(E)/MPLB
Control board: The control board is the super control unit of the system. It configures,
manages, and controls devices to implement simple routing protocol functions.
1. H901MPLA: The maximum bandwidth of each slot is 50 Gbit/s.
2. H901MPLB: The maximum bandwidth of each slot is 100 Gbit/s.
3. MPLA/MPLB has the following specifications:
Support 262144 MAC addresses.
Support 17408 ONTs can be online at the same time.
Support 17408 concurrent online users.
Support 4096 multicast channels.
Support 4000 non-multicast channels.
Support 65,536 IPv4 routes.
Support 16384 IPv6 routes
Support 262144 service virtual channels.
Support maximum 65536 ARP entries.
Control Board – Indicators
GPON Service Board
The GPON interface board works with the optical network terminal (ONT) to implement the GPON service access.
The GPHF/GPSF board supports 16 GPON SFP ports, 40 Gbit/s forwarding capability, a maximum split ratio of 1:128, 1KT-CONTs per port, and Class B+/C+/C++ single-fiber bidirectional optical modules.
10 GPON Service Board
P2P Interface Board - OGHK
H9010CHK is a 48-port CE/FE optical interface board that provides Ethernet optical access.
Supports a maximum of 48-channel CE/FE P2P access, applicable to Ethernet access.
The H901OGHK supports the following specifications and features:
48-port (CSFP) or 24-port (SFP) GE/FE P2P optical access
Aggregation and cascading
Supports two-channel single-fiber bidirectional CSFP optical modules, one-channel two-fiber bidirectional SFP optical modules, and one-channel one-fiber bidirectional SFP optical modules.
Support Ethernet clock synchronization.
Support high-temperature alarm
Support automatic power-off protection at high temperature
Support online upgrade
Support reading the status of an optical module (such as the optical power and temperature)
Support power-off energy saving
Ethernet Service Board - OXHD
H901OXHD is an 8-port 10GE optical interface board that provides Ethernet optical access.
The H901OXHD board supports the following features and specifications:
8-port optical access.
Aggregation and cascading.
Support 10GE/GE optical modules.
The port supports Ethernet clock synchronization.
Temperature reading and high-temperature alarm.
Automatic shutdown at high temperature.
ONU
ONU Function
An optical network unit (ONU) is a type of access node. It converts received optical signals into electrical signals and transmits the electrical signals to users through copper cables.
The typical ONU functions in the GPON system include PON core functions and service functions.
The function module setting of the ONU is Similar to that of the OLT.
The ONU uses only one PON port (or a maximum of two PON ports for protection). Therefore, the cross-connection function can be omitted, and the service multiplexing and demultiplexing functions are used to process service Streams.
ONU Mode (1)
On the PON networks, terms such as ONT, ONU, MDU, and MxU are often used. What are the relationships between them?
An ONU is a general term for all PON network access units. In FTTx scenarios, ONUs used in different scenarios is called by different names.
In the FTTH/FTTO scenario, the ONU provides a small number of Ethernet ports and POTS ports. Generally, the number of Ethernet ports and POTS ports is a single-digit ONUSs in these scenarios are called ONTs.
In the FTTB/FTTC scenario, optical fibers are routed to buildings/communities or roadsides, and the ONU provides double-digit Ethernet interfaces or xDSL interfaces. These Scenarios are called ONUS MDUS MTUSs, and SBUs based on scenarios. Except for ONUs, these names are not strictly defined and are usually used by customers in different countries. The MDU, MTU, and SBU belong to the ONU. Huawei also calls the MDU and MTU as MxUs.
Similar to the FTTH/FTTO scenario, the ONU is closer to the information node in the POL scenario. Therefore, the ONU is no longer called MxU. When the number of user ports is small, the ONU can be called ONT.
MDU: First of all, it's a term of residence, because in the West people tend to live in single-family homes, so in most cases, people live as a family. But there are also residential apartments, such as apartments called apartments; Multiple sets of users are called MDUs. This abbreviation is commonly used in the telecommunications industry to describe the access degree of the access network. For example, fiber to the building (FTTM) can be used to describe the access degree of the access network.
MxU: multiplex units, for example, MDU and MTU
FTTO: fiber to the office.
ONT: optical network terminal.
ONU Mode (2): Rack-Mounted ONU with Cards Installed
Support FTTC/B+DSL scenarios.
The SmartAX MA5818 is a 2 U high and 19-inch wide multi-service access device with flexible plug-in cards. It has four service slots and can be flexibly configured.
The MA5818 can be used for FTTC/FTTB construction and mini DSLAM/mini MSAN construction. It is applicable to multiple scenarios, such as corridor installation, cabinet installation, indoor application, and outdoor application
Provides user-to-network interfaces (UNIs) Such as VDSL2, Post, and G.fast, and network-to-network interfaces (NNIs) such as GPON/XG-PON/EPON/10G-EPON/GE/10GE.
ONU Mode (3): Rack-Mounted ONU Without Board Insertion
This feature applies to FTTB+LAN scenarios and is widely used in POL scenarios.
The MA/EA 5821 multi-service access device is 1 U high and 19 inches wide and provides 8GE and 24GE ports.
PoE models provide the PoE function. Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology that transmits both data Signals and DC power over Ethernet cables.
The output power of a Single port on the ONU and the maximum PoE output power of the System are limited. Therefore, you need to read the product manual in advance to evaluate the number of power interruptions. The MA/EA 5821-24GE PoE is used as an example. The system supports a maximum of 370 W, and a Single GE port Supports a maximum of 30 W. If the maximum power consumption of an AP is 30 W, a single ONU can connect to a maximum of 12 APs.
ONU Mode (4) - Box ONU
lt is widely used in POL.
P613E, desktop ONU, network-side GPON port, user-side 4GE PoE + 4GE port. The total PoE power is 60 W (each port Supports a maximum of 30 W PoE+).
P812E, desktop ONU, network-side XGS-GPON port, user-side 8GE PoE port. The total PoE power is 120 W (each port Supports a maximum of 30 W PoE+).
P802E, desktop ONU, network-side XGS-GPON interface, and user-side 4GE interface.
EG8020P, front panel ONU, network-side GPON port, and user-side 2GE PoE port. The total PoE power is 30 W (Each port supports a maximum of 30 W PoE+).
ONU Mode (5) – ONT (1)
The ONT provides various types of user interfaces, which are mainly user in POL, FTTH, and FTTO scenarios.
Therefore, the ONT is applicable to unified interfaces for different Service types.
EG8010H, network-side GPON port，user-side 1GE port.
EG8040H5: network-side GPON port and user-side 4GE port.
EG8120L, network-side GPON port, user-side 1POTS+1GE+1FE port.
EG8145A5: network-side GPON port and user-side 1POTS+1GE+3FE+2.4G Wi-Fi port.
EG8247Q, network-side GPON port, user-side 2POTS + 4GE+ 2.4G/5G Wi-Fi + 2USB+1CATV port
EG8247W, network-side GPON port, user-side 2POTS+4GE+USB+CATV+2.4G Wi-Fi/5G Wi-Fi port.
ONU Mode (5) – ONT (2)
In terms of data services, ONTs can be classified into bridging ONTs and gateway ONTs.
Bridging ONT
The bridging ONT transparently transmits packets and the LAN-side device obtains the public IP address.
The bridging ONT cannot function as the home control center in the FTTH scenario and must be connected to a router.
Internet Service: The PC obtains the public network IP address through PPPoE dialup and accesses the Internet.
Gateway ONT
The gateway ONT obtains a public IPv4 address and allocates a private IPv4 address to the LAN-Side device. NAT is performed to save public IP addresses.
The gateway ONT obtains a public IPv4 address and allocates a private IPv4 address to the LAN-side device. NAT is performed to save public IP addresses.
Internet service: The ONT functions as a PPPoE client to obtain a public network IP address through PPPoE dialup. In addition, the ONT functions as a DHCP server to allocate private network IP addresses to PCs connected to the ONT through the Layer 3 LAN port and Wi-Fi. After NAT processing, the PCs share the same public network IP address to access the Internet
ONU Mode (6) –Outdoor Integrated Video Backhaul ONU
In the POL public safety scenario, the is deployed on an outdoor pole to provide video backhaul for Surveillance.
Network-side GPON port and downstream User-side 4GE Port.
Provides IP55 and 6 kV surge protection.
Type B single-homing/dual-homing line protection.
Power supply: 22V AC input, 4 * DC 12V + 2 * AC 24 V output.
Operating temperature: -40°C - +55°C.
Dimensions (H x W x D): 435 mm x 248 mm x 90 mm.
Thanks for reading!
