GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing(WDM) technology, facilitating bi-direction communication over a single fiber.

To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber, GPON aadopts two multiplexing mechanisms:
In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.
GPON Principle---Downstream

-Broadcast Mode
GPON Principle----Upstream

-TDMA(Time Division Multiplexing Access) mode

