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Please read above first, otherwise, you may not know what I'm talking about.
Everyone learns IoT: Getting Started with the IoT 1
IoT wireless communication technologies
Classification of Communication Technologies in the IoT
Wired communication technology: PLC M-Bus Rs-485 Rs-232 Ethernet
Wireless communications technologies: 2G, 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Z-Wave, SigFox, NB-IoT, and LoRa
Cellular mobile communications
2G, 3G, and 4G communications technologies
Access from multiple terminals, GPRS access, bike sharing platform, ATM, POS, and ticketing services
Short-range wireless communication technology
Bluetooth
High-capacity, short-distance, wireless digital communication technology standard. The latest Bluetooth 5.0 supports transmission rates of up to 3Mbps and can reach a distance of about 300 meters.
Fixed devices, mobile devices, building personal area networks, short-range data exchange
Bluetooth headsets, Bluetooth speakers, mobile phones, home appliances, and smart wearables
Advantages: high rate, low power consumption, and high security.
Disadvantage: For EDRs, there are few network nodes and multi-point surveillance deployment is not suitable.
WIFI
Wi-Fi is a technology that allows electronic devices to connect to a wireless local area network (WLAN), typically using the 2.4G UHF or 5G SHF ISM radio frequency band. The latest Wi-Fi 6 supports a transmission rate of 9.6 Gbit/s and a latency as low as 20 ms.
Account and password required/No account and password required.
Personal PCs, mobile phones, and more terminals.
Advantages: Wide coverage and high data transmission rate.
Disadvantages: Poor transmission security, poor stability, slightly high power consumption, and poor networking capability.
Is a low-power LAN protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard
A short-range, low-power wireless communication technology.
Widely applied to industrial and smart home fields.
Near range, low complexity, self-organizing, low power, low data rate
Advantages: Simple, easy to use, reliable, low price
Disadvantages: Signals are attenuated after objects are blocked. Different chips have poor compatibility. The network is flexible and difficult to maintain.
Z-Wave
Is an emerging radio frequency-based, low-cost, low-power, high-reliability, and network-appropriate short-range wireless communication technology.
Advantages: simple structure, low rate, low power consumption, low cost, and high reliability.
Disadvantages: The standard is not open, and the chip can only be obtained from Sigma Designs.
Bluetooth | Wi-Fi | ZigBee | Z-Wave | |
Frequency band | 2.4GHz | 2.4GHz, 5GHz | 868MHz/915MHz 2.4GHz | 868.42MHz(Europe) 908.42MHz(USA) |
Transmission rate | 1Mbps-24Mbps | 11b: 11Mbps 11g: 54Mbps 11n: 600Mbps 11ac: 1Gbps | 868MHz: 20kpbs 915MHz: 40kpbs 2.4GHz: 250kpbs | 9.6kpbs or 40kpbs |
Typical Distance | 1-100m | 50-100m | 2.4GHz band: 10-100m | 30m(Outdoors)-100m(Indoors) |
Transmit power | 1-100mW | Endpoint 36mW AP320mW | 1-100mW | 1mW |
Typical Application | Data exchange between adjacent nodes such as mice, wireless headsets, mobile phones, and computers | Wireless LAN, home, and indoor high-speed Internet access | Home automation, building automation, remote control | Smart Home, Monitoring and Control |
LPWA
Low-power wide-area (LPWA) scenario, that is, low-power wide-coverage network scenario. Low Power Wide Area Network
LPWA - SigFox
SigFox networks utilize ultra-narrowband UNB technology
Transmission rate 100bps
Very low transmission power levels, but still maintain a stable data connection
Use of unlicensed ISM RF bands
LPWA - LoRa
Is a technology that implements network data communication based on the physical layer.
Supports bidirectional data transfer and complies with a range of open source standards
Use of unlicensed spectrum to support services
LPWA - NB-IoT
One of the hottest technologies in LPWA
Cellular-based narrowband IoT, which is built on cellular networks and consumes only about 180KHz of bandwidth
Directly deployed on GSM, UMTS, or LTE networks to reduce deployment costs and achieve smooth upgrades.
Wide coverage, multiple connections, low rate, low cost, low power consumption, and excellent architecture
Used for remote meter reading, asset tracking, smart parking, and smart agriculture.
NB-IoT | SigFox | LoRa | |
Built on carrier cellular networks | √ | × | × |
Sub-GHz | √ | √ | √ |
Authorization | √ | × | × |
LPWA - eMTC
Based on the LTE access technology, soft features of wireless IoT networks are designed for low-rate, deep-coverage, low-power consumption, and large-connection scenarios.
Higher rate, up to 1 Mbit/s, but smaller coverage, larger power consumption, and smaller capacity
Provides certain voice communication capabilities.
Summarize the comparison of LPWA technologies
SigFox | LoRa | NB-IoT | eMTC | |
Frequency band | SubG unlicensed frequency band | SubG unlicensed frequency band | Mainly in the licensed sub-G frequency band | SubG licensed frequency band |
Transmission rate | 100bps | 0.3-5kps | <250kps | <1Mps |
Typical distance height | 1-50km | 1-20km | 1-20km | 2km |
Typical Application | Smart home, smart meter, mobile healthcare, remote monitoring, and retail | Smart agriculture, smart building, and logistics tracking | Water meter, parking, charging tracking, trash can, smoke alarm, retail terminal | Shared bike, pet collar, POS, smart elevator |
Select a proper communication technology based on the communication requirements of the scenario.
All right, the first lesson on Getting Started with the IoT is over. I believe that through today's learning, you have already had some preliminary understanding of the IoT. Let's do some exercises with me and test your learning results.
True or False
1. PLC communication technology refers to a communication mode that uses power lines to transmit data and media signals.
2. NB-IoT focuses on the IoT and features wide coverage, low power consumption, high rate, and multiple connections.
Best wishes!
