Hello,
A component that transforms a signal from one form to another is called a transducer. In this case, what you are looking for is called an optical transducer.
An optical transducer does not only change the form of the signal, but also preserves information in the signal when transforming from one form to the other. Consider a speaker, which is an example of a transducer that transforms an electric signal to a sound signal. The information in the electric signal is preserved when ot is transformed to sound.
These components are widely used for on-chip optical communication and the field that studies them (which is somewhat emerging) is called optoelectronics, which falls under the more general field of photonics.
Thanks