node left and communication cost is an improvement of the protocol, which mainly
improves in cluster head competition algorithm. The protocol considered the energy of
node left when selecting the final cluster head, but the selection of the candidate cluster
heads was random. While if candidate cluster heads selected do not contain higher
residual energy, it is impossible to guarantee that the final cluster head has a higher
residual energy, thus affecting the balance of energy consumption of the network. The
Cluster Head Competition Algorithm proposed in this paper has made two improvements
to the algorithm:
① all nodes were treated as candidate cluster heads.
② When selecting the final cluster head consider energy of node left and communication cost
between member nodes and cluster heads. Multi-hop routing in clusters is the same as
EEUC.
