Hello, everyone!
Today, I would like to share with you an article on the classification of FTTx access networks.
The most common implementations of FTTx networks, listed below and shown in Figure 1, differ by the length of remaining copper loop (if any) and splitting of optical fibers (PON) or use of point-to-point fibers (P2P), while the ONU performing media conversion from fiber to twisted pair is called a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) or Ethernet switch in case of LAN in apartment block.
Figure 1. Basic variants of FTTx broadband access networks.
FTTB (fiber to the building)
The apartment block is wired with unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) data cables (newly installed), forming a LAN serving all inhabitants, with its Ethernet switch performing termination of fiber link. Data rates up to 1 Gb/s, most often 100 Mb/s.
Fiber to the curb/cabinet (FTTC)
Optical fibers extend to a remote unit with a DSLAM. From there, short (50–400 m) twisted pair loops extend to NTs at customer’s premises. Data rates up to 100 Mb/s.
Fiber to the distribution point (FTTDp)
Access network based on G.fast technology, with very short (10–250 m) twisted-pair or coax loops terminated at distribution point unit (DPU) located close to subscriber’s premises: at the corridor, on pole, in manhole, etc. Data rates up to 1 Gb/s.
Fiber to the home (FTTH)
Network with optical fibers extending all the way to ONT at customer’s premises, also known as fiber to the premises (FTTP). No active devices in the middle.
FTTH-PON
FTTH network where a feeder fiber extending from OLT is split into 8–128 distribution fibers reaching customer’s premises, forming a passive optical network (PON). OLT bandwidth is shared among all users in a PON with time division multiplexing (TDM).
FTTH-P2P (point to point)
FTTH network with a separate optical fiber to each customer, no fiber splitting. Each customer is connected to a separate port at OLT. No sharing, data rates up to 1 Gb/s.
Fiber to the node (FTTN)
Network similar to FTTC, but with longer copper loops, up to approx. 1500 m; fever remote units; and lower data rates up to 20–40 Mb/s.
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