Hello everyone, in this post I want to share with you some information about cellular V2X.
The Cellular V2X (C-V2X) is an alternative to 802.11p and the 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) and Qualcomm support the use of the technology. It uses LTE as the underlying technology, and C-V2X functionalities are based on the technology.
One of the key advantages of Cellular V2X is that it includes operational modes that users can choose from. The first mode involves direct communication between vehicles over the PC5 interface. PC5 is the reference point where the user equipment directly communicates with other equipment over the channel.
Cellular V2X is designed for active safety warnings such as road hazard warnings, and other situations involving V2V and V2I. Using C-V2X systems will also protect other road users – such as cyclists and pedestrians – by getting the PC5 interface integrated into smartphones. It will help detect pedestrians and cyclists using the same road to prevent accidents and injuries.
Apart from direct communication over the PC5 interface, cellular V2X allows the device to use vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication.
Cellular V2X uses 3GPP standardized 4G LTE or 5G mobile cellular connectivity to send and receive signals from a vehicle to other vehicles, pedestrians, or to fixed objects such as traffic lights in its surroundings. It commonly uses the 5.9 GHz frequency band to communicate – this being the officially designated intelligent transportation system (ITS) frequency in most countries. C-V2X can function without network assistance and has a range that exceeds a mile. In 2014, 3GPP Release 13 spurred studies to test the applicability of the then-current standards to V2X. This resulted in the 3GPP Release 14 specifications for C-V2X communications, finalized in 2017. 3GPP Release 15 introduced 5G for V2N use-cases, and 3GPP Release 16 includes work on 5G NR direct communications for V2V/V2I
C-V2X was developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), to replace the US promoted Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and the Europe originated Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) As such standards are decisive steps towards the target autonomous driving and clues to market influence.
In Europe, the EU announced in July 2019 that it was adopting a technology-neutral approach to C-ITS, leaving the way forward for 4G, 5G and other advanced technologies to be part of V2X applications and services.
In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission proposed late in 2019 that 20 MHz and possibly 30 MHz of the 5.9 GHz band be allocated to C-V2X.
The modes, Cellular V2X may be implemented, are:
Device-to-network i.e. Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) communication using the conventional cellular links to enable cloud services to be part of the end-to-end solution.
Device-to-device, which includes Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to road and infrastructure (V2I) also includes the use with toll systems and the direct communication and Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) – also without the use of network involvement for scheduling – for the protection of the most vulnerable road users, the pedestrians.
The Cellular V2X mode 4 communication relies on a distributed resource allocation scheme, namely sensing-based semipersistent scheduling which schedules radio resources in a stand-alone fashion in each user equipment (UE).
