Hello, everyone!
Today, I would like to share with you an article about Broadband Wired access technologies.
Dominant broadband wired access technologies today are DSL and Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) networks. Nevertheless, copper based access networks still represent the overwhelming share of fixed telecommunications access network infrastructures around the world.
DSL networks have been developed but all share the same principle of connecting households within a given area to a central office with an individual pair of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), called the local loop.
DSL technology uses existing twisted-pair phone lines for broadband connection. The main limitation of this technology is that the transmission speeds decreases when copper local loop length increases.
Fig. Wired access networks
An HFC network is normally a cable television network that includes a combination of optical fiber (between head end and the fiber node) and coaxial cables (from fiber nodes to CPE). Initially, the original HFC networks were designed to support only downstream broadcasts. Currently, upstream traffic must also be supported using Cable Modems (CM) for full Internet access.
The bandwidth provided by cable networks will allow for 160 Mbps downstream and 120 Mbps upstream for end-users. HFC uses a shared medium, therefore the bandwidth will also have to be shared by end-users. Typically there are 500-1000 subscribers in a single local distribution point, which can be brought down to about 250 on average.
The FTTH (PON) technology connects Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at the Central Office (CO) to Optical Network Units (ONUs) at subscribers homes and businesses over one wavelength in the downstream and another wavelength in the upstream (from ONUs to OLT). This technology provides much higher bandwidth than DSL and Cable Modem.
A PON can cover a maximum distance of 20 km from the OLT to the ONU. Under normal conditions, PON allows 16 ONUs at a maximum distance of 20 km from the OLT and 32 ONUs at a maximum distance of 10 km from the OLT supporting up to 1 Gbps.
Power Line Communications is a broadband access technology that uses the low and medium voltage electricity grid to provide telecommunication services. The Low Voltage (LV) electrical power distribution network represents the most attractive medium for high-speed digital communication purposes due to an ever-increasing demand caused by the advances in communication and information technologies.
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