Hello, everyone!
Today, I would like to share with you an article about the bandwidth demands
The majority of traffic today is generated by video services, characterized by steady increase of resolution, which during the last 15 years rose from 320 X 240 clips and 640 X 480 standard definition (SD) broadcasts to 4 K (3840 X 2160) now and 8 K (7680 X 4320) in the near future.
8K broadcasts with H.265 coding require a 75–100 Mb/s bit rate, exceeding the requirement of voice service (64 kb/s) by a factor of 1500. Video is predicted to constitute 81% of all consumer Internet traffic in 2021, with the latter growing at an annual rate of 26%.
Nielsen’s law and residential Internet access
According to a Nielsen’s Law of Internet Bandwidth, the fastest speeds offered to residential customers rise 40–50% each year and even faster recently (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Top download rates offered to residential customers
Available bandwidth, in fact, rises faster than demands imposed by streaming services. While SD video in 2005 required 2–6 Mb/s, which digital subscriber line (DSL) network barely delivered, full HD needs 10–15 Mb/s today, while 40–100 Mb/s access is available in FTTH, FTTC, and data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) 3.0 networks (4, 5, 6).
Even the 100 Mb/s required for an 8K video after 2020 is well below top rates (200 Mb/s–10 Gb/s) in current FTTH and DOCSIS 3.1 networks.
Proliferation of cloud services and social networks after 2010 has also changed the directions of traffic. While watching TV or web browsing required mostly downloading of data, residential users now upload a lot of content they created (photos, videos, scans, etc.); the same applies to professionals and business.
Consequently, customers want symmetrical access with equal bit rates in both directions. In this respect, the differences between specific broadband access technologies like XG-PON and XGS-PON are substantial.
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