Hello, guys!
Let's talk about Dartmouth Conference!
Speaking of artificial intelligence, the Dartmouth conference in 1956 was the time when artificial intelligence was first proposed and was well-known.
But in fact, there was foreplay, i.e., in Los Angeles, in 1955, the United States Western Computer Joint Conference, a learning machine seminar was held in the conference. Oliver Selfridge and Allen Newell, who was involved in the discussion, described the two factions of Simulated Nervous System and Simulated Mind, which were the same in fact, and predicted the two-class struggles of artificial intelligence over the next few decades on Structure and Function.
Before talking about the Dartmouth conference, let’s talk about the participants:
John McCarthy
The convener of the Dartmouth Conference, and was also an assistant professor of mathematics at Dartmouth.
The LISP language invented by him is the key to solving the core problems of artificial intelligence.
In 1958, he and Minsky set up the world’s first artificial enabling laboratory, first proposing the concept of a time-sharing system.
In 1962, he went to Stanford University to create the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and started the time-sharing system development based on DECPDP-1.
John McCarthy can be said to be the father of artificial intelligence.
Marvin Minsky
Founder of artificial intelligence and framework theory.
The first artificial intelligence scholar who won the Turing Award.
Minsky founded the framework theory in 1975 to express knowledge in the form of a framework. A framework system consisting of multiple frameworks that are associated with each other can be used to represent the knowledge completely and accurately.
Minsky, for the first time, combined artificial intelligence and robotics, invented the world’s first robot Robot C, which can simulate human activity, and leapfrog artificial skills to a new level.
Claude Shannon
The founder of information theory puts forward the concept of Information Entropy, which lays the foundation for information technology and digital communication.
Alan Newell
In 1975, he was awarded the Turing Award for the outstanding contribution of artificial intelligence, and he invented the IPL (Information Processing Language).
Herbert Simon
In 1975, he was awarded the Turing Award for the outstanding contribution of artificial intelligence, the pioneer of Mental Computing.
Now let’s return to the Dartmouth conference, in August 1956, in the tranquil Dartmouth College in Hanover, USA.
John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Claude Shannon, Alan Newell, Herbert Simon, and other scientists gathered to discuss a subject that was totally unpopular: Use machines to imitate human learning and other aspects of intelligence. This event was also named “Artificial Intelligence Summer Seminar” by McCarthy. The seminar mainly focused on automatic computers, how to program computers to make them able to use language, neural networks, computer scale theory, self-improvement, abstraction, randomness, and creativity. And it was mainly a wide range of wisdom and thoughts. Although no consensus was reached, the term Artificial Intelligence began to emerge after the seminar. In addition, the new revolution of artificial intelligence was created and a new chapter of AI was opened.
Shortly after Dartmouth, Newell and Sima published a text entitled Logic Theory Machine, describing their logic theory. Chomsky published Three Models of Language, which proves that finite state syntax cannot express certain languages. Psychologist George Miller published Human Memory and Storage of Information, explaining a computer model of experimental psychology, theoretical linguistics, and cognitive processes is an integral part of artificial intelligence. These theories all have a profound effect on artificial intelligence science.
OK, that's all for today. Do you know more about Dartmouth Conference?
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