Hi,
1. On client level, when does a client send out an ARP Probe? Is this before the DHCP request process?
====== Usually, the gratuitous ARP packet is sent by the DHCP client. DHCP client will send gratuitous ARP packet after it receives the DHCP ACK packet from the DHCP server.
2. Can I somehow prevent clients from asking if the gateway address is available?
====== Well, I don't think that is caused due to the client sending the ARP probe message. The gratuitous ARP packet is sent when the client wants to detect the potential IP address confliction, in other words, the client device declares that it owns the IP address. Actually, this IP is the default gateway. So, I would suggest that you make an inspection of whether the client is configured with the static IP address, which causes it to send the ARP probe messages.