@Chenxintao , thanks for the response!
I'm not a person with knowledge of networks, I just take some risks with the basics and so I'll try my best to follow your instructions and answer your questions.
First of all, I'm a little confused about your networking model: a single modem + router (Huawei) model HG8145V5.
If you didn't understand that, I probably have said it wrong, my fault, sorry. My equipment (Huawei - HG8145V5) receives an optical-fiber cable and spread the internet to other devices through network ports or Wi-Fi. I've said "modem plus router" because before that they were separated in two devices, one used to receive the optical-fiber cable and pass the signal to a router (TP-Link) that used to spread it.
Does the HG8145V5 function as a downstream router?
I would guess that yes, though I'm afraid I am not capable to answer this. So I have made a scheme of my network model in order to help you visualize my description:
The HG8145V5 receives the optical-fiber cable from the broadband provider and spread it to everyone. All devices, except for two, uses Wi-Fi, including the printer. I have configured the old TP-Link router as a repeater to my living room, but I think it's not important, because I want to share files between PCs and print documents through HG8145V5 network, i.e. it won't pass through TP-Link.

If you can, please export the configuration file and one-click information.
Here they are. These are the ones you asked for?
[I'm not able to upload files here, so I'll put the configuration file as a downloadable link in Google Drive: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bs-zKnZAw8nhi8L27nrAyGbzXbiMjmFL/view?usp=sharing]

Is the printer searchable in PC file printing?
Yes and no. I can see the printer in my PC but it's because I have printed on it before (with the old network setup), so the printer's software is pre-installed on my PC. However, it appears as offline (I made sure that the printer was connected to the Wi-Fi network), so if I try to print, the software accuses that it can't reach the printer. So, in practice, I can't see it.
Thank you!
NOTE: To test if the issue was with the PCs or the printer, I have temporarily created another Wi-Fi network with an extra router (without connection with internet) and have connected them all to it. I was able to print from my mobile phone and I could share files between PCs in a faster way (indicating it was being done by Wi-Fi, not bluetooh). The conclusion is that the issue is likely occurring with the HG8145V5.