Hello, everyone!
Today, I will start to write about access network evolution and application.
An access network is the largest and most expensive part of a single operator's telecommunications system. It consists of a series of transmission entities between SNI (Service Node Interface) and UNI (User Network Interface). The access network allows subscribers to connect and enable services such as HSI (High Service Internet), video, voice, etc.
Figure 1. Access network
Depending on the bandwidth, we have:
a narrow access network (amount of data that needs to be transmitted < 2 Mbps – voices and faxes) and
a broadband access network (amount of data that needs to be transmitted > 2 Mbps – online surfing, online gaming, UHD TV, etc.).
There are many access technologies. The main wired broadband access networks:
xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line),
HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial),
PLC (Power Line Communication),
Ethernet LAN and
PON (Passive Optical Network).
The main wireless broadband access network:
GPRS/EDGE, 3G, 4G/LTE, 5G,
WiFi, and
Satellite Data Transmission.
In the next articles, I will write about xDSL and PON. Now I can shortly explain all other access technologies.
An HFC network is a network that consists of a combination of optical and coaxial cables. From the header to the optical node is the optical cable. There is a coaxial cable from the optical node to the subscriber. The RF signal attenuates quickly, so there are broadband amplifiers at about 150 to 200 m. There are a number of problems in the coaxial part of the network.
Figure 2. Access network in the telecom network
A PLC network is a network where low, medium voltage or DC and data are transmitted together. Ethernet LAN uses UTP cables, allowing hosts to connect within the same network. Today there are modern variants of LAN networks – OLAN. GPRS, 3G, 4G/LTE, 5G, etc are cellular networks. A large number of services are provided: internet, video, IP telephony, etc. Satellite communications are also used as an access technology. Services are provided as with previous access networks.
This is the end of this topic. I will continue to write about this topic in the next article >> Access network evolution and application (2): xDSL.
Thank you!
