Hello,
Small cells are radio access points with low radio frequency power, and are equipped with short-range wireless transmission systems to cover a small geographical area. High-density placement is the key for small cells, as they transmit data using mid- and high-band spectrum.
The evolution of wireless communication systems is now characterised by the tremendous growth of mobile data traffic and the number of connected devices. In response to the unprecedented levels of demand, cellular networks are undergoing a major shift in their deployment and optimisation. New infrastructure elements, such as femto/pico base stations, fixed/mobile relays, cognitive radios, and distributed antennas are being massively deployed, paving the way for the next generation of cellular systems and networks, which will be more efficient in terms of spectrum use, multi-RAT support and energy efficiency, and will use high-order multi-RAT support techniques together with massive deployments of small cells for higher re-use. As a consequence, new 5G cellular deployments could be characterised by a more unplanned, irregular and random location of access nodes, whose positions may vary widely over a very large area. As a result, the interference scenarios will be more complex, thus making evaluation and design of different enabling communication technologies and protocols more challenging. In this emerging Heterogeneous Networking environment, small cells will play a fundamental role towards the successful deployment of 5th Generation systems. the key drivers for small-cell deployment, and show how densification through advanced MIMO technology and small cells can complement each other to satisfy the projected traffic demand. However, since forecasts of mobile data traffic seem to be continuously on the rise, it will become necessary to move into the mmWave bands where sufficiently large swathes of spectrum are available.
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