Hello, friends from the forum.
I'm going to share three aspects of the Composition of Data Center Infrastructure.
Power Supply System
Cooling System
Data Center Integrated Management
Composition of the Data Center Facility
Power Supply System
Power Supply System
High-voltage power transformation and distribution system: Converts the 6 kV/10 kV/35 kV three-phase mains to 380 V/400 V three-phase mains and distributes power for downstream low-voltage devices.
DG system: As the backup power source, the DG system instantly supplies power to downstream devices once the main power fails. There are low-voltage and medium-voltage DGs. z
Automatic transfer switch (ATS) system: Automatically switches between one mains and the other and between the mains and the DG.
Low-voltage distribution system: distributes the upstream electric energy to various electrical equipment, such as the uninterruptible power system (UPS), air conditioner, and lighting equipment, based on requirements, standards, and specifications.
UPS system: purifies and backs up electric energy, and provides pure and reliable power protection for IT loads.
UPS output power distribution system: distributes the UPS output electric energy to various IT equipment based on requirements and standards.
Rack power distribution system: distributes the electric energy inside the racks. –48 V DC power supply: provides a safe and reliable power supply for communication equipment.
Common power distribution architecture of data centers
In addition, the power supply and distribution system in a data center supplies and distributes power for the air conditioning, lighting, and other systems. It ensures the normal operation of the data center.
Cooling System
With the development of society and the application of new technologies, the power consumption and power density of the data center increase significantly. The cooling system ensures that the equipment in a data center works in a proper environment.
Large sensible heat: The IT equipment and power devices in a data center dissipate heat through transferring, convection, and radiation, resulting in a temperature rise in the equipment room. This type of heat is sensible heat. The heat dissipation capacity of a server cabinet ranges from thousands of watts to dozens of thousands of watts per hour, and the sensible heat ratio in the equipment room can reach 95%.
Low latent heat: Latent heat is energy that changes the humidity ratio in the air but does not changes the temperature in the equipment room. There is no moisture dissipation equipment in the equipment room. The latent heat mainly comes from staff and outdoor air.
Large air volume and small enthalpy difference: Because of the small latent heat in the equipment room, there is little humidity to be dehumidified. The temperature of the air does not need to drop below the dew point temperature before the air flows through the air conditioner evaporator. Therefore, the effective temperature difference and the enthalpy difference are small.
Non-stop operation and perennial cooling.
Multiple airflow modes: In data centers, the airflow mode is determined by the heat source and its distribution characteristics, story height, equipment layout, and cables. Downflow, flow, and regional airflow are the main airflow modes.
Plenum chamber air supply: The air supply of air conditioners in the equipment room generally uses the space under the raised floor or above the ceiling for the plenum chamber air supply. The pressure stabilizing layer formed in the chamber ensures even airflow. The height of the plenum chamber should be lifted as high as possible.
Strict requirements for temperature and humidity: Over-temperature will lead to a higher equipment failure rate and lower reliability of servers and even equipment breakdowns. High relative humidity may cause short circuits, corrosion, and condensation on equipment in the data center. Low relative humidity may generate electrostatic discharge (ESD) that affects equipment running.
Strict requirements for air cleanliness: There are strict requirements for air cleanliness in a data center. In a high-humidity environment, dust accelerates equipment corrosion and shortens its service life. In addition, accumulated dust on the heat sink increases the thermal resistance and reduces the heat exchange efficiency. Corrosive gases can quickly destroy metal films and conductors on printed circuit boards, resulting in increased resistance at terminations. Therefore, the air conditioning system for a data center must be equipped with efficient and proper filtering devices to filter out dust from the circulating air according to related standards.
Based on the scale and total capacity of data centers, there are now two prevalent solutions: air-cooled cooling systems and chilled water cooling systems. In general, the chilled water solution is primarily used in extra large and large-sized data centers, and the air-cooled solution is usually used in small- and medium-sized data centers.
Data Center cooling solution
Three cooling configurations: equipment room cooling, in-row cooling, and cabinet cooling.
Cabinet-level cooling is the most flexible mode, can be deployed in the shortest time, and supports the highest power density. However, extra expenditure is required.
In-row cooling has many advantages similar to those of cabinet-level cooling, for example, flexibility, deployment speed, and power density, and has a relatively low cost.
In-room cooling can fast change the cooling distribution mode by configuring new perforated floors. In low-density data centers, all cabinets can share the cooling redundancy. This cooling mode has cost advantages and is also the simplest model.
Data Center Integrated Management
Concept: The monitoring system in the equipment room implements central monitoring and maintenance management over the power and environment in the equipment room to improve the reliability of the data center and security of data devices, facilitate O&M, and increase management efficiency.
Objects: The power system, environment system, firefighting system, and security system are the primary objects to be monitored.
Functions: Based on the integrated network cabling system, the monitoring system in the equipment room adopts distributed monitoring, with the host placed in the monitoring room to run the software, to monitor all subsystems in a centralized manner using a uniform LCD. The monitoring system can monitor the operating status and parameters of all devices in real-time, promptly generate alarms in the forms of multimedia, voice, calls, and SMS when some components or parameters are abnormal, record historical data and alarms, and intelligently provide expert diagnosis, remote monitoring management, and web browsing.
Smart devices: Smart devices are monitored through communication ports (including RS232/422/485 bus serial and TCP/IP network communication ports). Smart devices include the UPS, master air conditioner, power meter, T/H sensor, ATS, chiller, and generator.
Non-smart devices: Non-smart devices are monitored through external smart meters or dry contacts. Non-smart devices include the security switch, power distribution switch, water leakage detection switch, and SPD.
