Comparison between flat and layered structure

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Characters	Flat network	Layered network	Preferred
Network processing capability	Depends on subscriber number or traffic model	Depends on subscriber number or traffic model	No difference
Number of links	N*(N-1)	KN+K+K(K-3)/2	Layered structure
Data configuration and maintenance	Heavy work load; one element revised,all others revised	Easy to operate; individual revisal	Layered structure
CAPEX	No investment on tandem layer, but link budget is higher	More CAPEX on tandem network elements, saves link budget	Not clear
OPEX	Maintenance scale larger;higher OPEX	Simplified structure; lower OPEX	Layered structure